{"id":5197,"date":"2025-06-11T12:32:47","date_gmt":"2025-06-11T04:32:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diggoodbox.com\/blog\/?p=5197"},"modified":"2025-06-11T12:32:47","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T04:32:47","slug":"c-11-14-17%e4%b8%bb%e8%a6%81%e7%89%b9%e6%80%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diggoodbox.com\/blog\/?p=5197","title":{"rendered":"C++ 11\/14\/17\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

C++11 \u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u542b\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\uff09<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\u4e2d\u6587\u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/td>\u6982\u5ff5\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong><\/td>English Feature<\/strong><\/td>Definition<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u81ea\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad (auto)<\/td>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6839\u636e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u65ad\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/td>Auto Type Deduction<\/td>Compiler deduces variable type automatically from initializer.<\/td><\/tr>
\u8303\u56f4for\u5faa\u73af<\/td>\u57fa\u4e8e\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u904d\u5386\u3002<\/td>Range-based for loop<\/td>Simplified syntax for iterating over containers or arrays.<\/td><\/tr>
nullptr \u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/td>\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u66ff\u4ee3 NULL\u3002<\/td>nullptr keyword<\/td>Type-safe null pointer literal replacing NULL.<\/td><\/tr>
\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49<\/td>\u5f15\u5165 &&\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u590d\u5236\u3002<\/td>Rvalue references & Move semantics<\/td>Enables efficient transfer of resources by moving instead of copying.<\/td><\/tr>
Lambda \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/td>\u533f\u540d\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5185\u8054\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/td>Lambda expressions<\/td>Anonymous functions defined inline for concise code.<\/td><\/tr>
constexpr \u51fd\u6570<\/td>\u53ef\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u6c42\u503c\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/td>constexpr functions<\/td>Functions evaluable at compile time to optimize performance.<\/td><\/tr>
\u9759\u6001\u65ad\u8a00 (static_assert)<\/td>\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u65ad\u8a00\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u5219\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/td>static_assert<\/td>Compile-time assertion checking conditions during compilation.<\/td><\/tr>
\u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b\u679a\u4e3e (enum class)<\/td>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u540d\u79f0\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/td>Scoped enum (enum class)<\/td>Scoped and type-safe enumeration to prevent naming conflicts.<\/td><\/tr>
\u59d4\u6258\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/td>\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u540c\u7c7b\u4e2d\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u590d\u3002<\/td>Delegating constructors<\/td>Constructors that call other constructors in the same class.<\/td><\/tr>
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u548c\u5220\u9664\u51fd\u6570 (=default, =delete)<\/td>\u663e\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6216\u5220\u9664\u67d0\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/td>Defaulted and deleted functions<\/td>Explicitly default or delete special member functions.<\/td><\/tr>
\u7edf\u4e00\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8bed\u6cd5<\/td>\u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7 {} \u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002<\/td>Uniform initialization<\/td>Brace initialization syntax for consistent object initialization.<\/td><\/tr>
\u53d8\u957f\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570<\/td>\u6a21\u677f\u652f\u6301\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/td>Variadic templates<\/td>Templates accepting variable number of template arguments.<\/td><\/tr>
\u5185\u8054\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td>\u652f\u6301\u7248\u672c\u5316\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u540d\u79f0\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/td>Inline namespaces<\/td>Namespaces that can be versioned and merged inline.<\/td><\/tr>
\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u9762\u91cf<\/td>\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/td>User-defined literals<\/td>Defining custom literal suffixes for user types.<\/td><\/tr>
\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e93<\/td>\u6807\u51c6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u539f\u8bed\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/td>Thread library<\/td>Support for threads and synchronization primitives.<\/td><\/tr>
\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488<\/td>\u65b0\u589e unique_ptr, shared_ptr, weak_ptr \u7ba1\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/td>Smart pointers<\/td>RAII-style pointers for automatic memory management.<\/td><\/tr>
\u79fb\u52a8\u6784\u9020\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u8d4b\u503c<\/td>\u652f\u6301\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/td>Move constructors & assignments<\/td>Constructors\/operators that move resources instead of copying.<\/td><\/tr>
\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c<\/td>\u5b9a\u4e49\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/td>Memory model and atomics<\/td>Defines memory ordering and atomic operations for concurrency.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

C++14 \u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u542b\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\uff09<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\u4e2d\u6587\u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/td>\u6982\u5ff5\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong><\/td>English Feature<\/strong><\/td>Definition<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u6cdb\u578b Lambda<\/td>Lambda \u53c2\u6570\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u4f7f\u5199\u6cd5\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u7075\u6d3b\u3002<\/td>Generic lambdas<\/td>Lambdas with auto-typed parameters for generic code.<\/td><\/tr>
constexpr \u51fd\u6570\u589e\u5f3a<\/td>constexpr \u51fd\u6570\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u591a\u8bed\u53e5\u548c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/td>Relaxed constexpr functions<\/td>constexpr functions can contain more complex code.<\/td><\/tr>
\u53d8\u91cf\u6a21\u677f<\/td>\u6a21\u677f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u53d8\u91cf\u6a21\u677f\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/td>Variable templates<\/td>Templates for variables enabling generic constant definitions.<\/td><\/tr>
\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u5206\u9694\u7b26<\/td>\u652f\u6301\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u95f4\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/td>Binary literals & digit separators<\/td>Binary numeric literals and underscore separators for readability.<\/td><\/tr>
\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u65ad<\/td>\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u652f\u6301\u6839\u636e\u8fd4\u56de\u8bed\u53e5\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u65ad\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u5199\u660e\u3002<\/td>Return type deduction<\/td>Automatic deduction of function return types.<\/td><\/tr>
decltype(auto)<\/td>\u589e\u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u65ad\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5305\u542b\u5f15\u7528\u4e0e\u5e38\u91cf\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/td>decltype(auto)<\/td>Deduces exact type including references and cv-qualifiers.<\/td><\/tr>
std::make_unique<\/td>\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u521b\u5efa unique_ptr \u7684\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/td>std::make_unique<\/td>Factory function to safely create unique_ptr instances.<\/td><\/tr>
std::shared_timed_mutex<\/td>\u652f\u6301\u591a\u8bfb\u5355\u5199\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u3002<\/td>std::shared_timed_mutex<\/td>Shared mutex allowing multiple readers or one writer lock.<\/td><\/tr>
\u5143\u7f16\u7a0b\u5de5\u5177<\/td>\u5f15\u5165 std::integer_sequence \u7b49\u6a21\u677f\u5de5\u5177\u7b80\u5316\u6a21\u677f\u5143\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002<\/td>Metaprogramming utilities<\/td>Tools like integer_sequence to simplify template metaprogramming.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

C++17 \u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u542b\u82f1\u6587\u5bf9\u7167\uff09<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\u4e2d\u6587\u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/td>\u6982\u5ff5\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong><\/td>English Feature<\/strong><\/td>Definition<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7ed1\u5b9a\u58f0\u660e<\/td>\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5143\u7ec4\u6216\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u62c6\u5305\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/td>Structured bindings<\/td>Binding multiple variables to tuple\/struct elements.<\/td><\/tr>
if constexpr<\/td>\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5e38\u91cf\u6761\u4ef6\u9009\u62e9\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u672a\u9009\u5206\u652f\u4e0d\u751f\u6210\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/td>if constexpr<\/td>Compile-time conditional branching in templates.<\/td><\/tr>
\u5185\u8054\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\u652f\u6301\u5b9a\u4e49 inline \u53d8\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u591a\u91cd\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5e38\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/td>Inline variables<\/td>Variables declared inline to avoid multiple definitions.<\/td><\/tr>
\u6298\u53e0\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/td>\u652f\u6301\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u7684\u6298\u53e0\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u53d8\u53c2\u6a21\u677f\u7f16\u5199\u3002<\/td>Fold expressions<\/td>Expression folds to combine parameter packs easily.<\/td><\/tr>
\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u63a8\u5bfc (CTAD)<\/td>\u652f\u6301\u6839\u636e\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u3002<\/td>Class template argument deduction<\/td>Automatic deduction of class template parameters.<\/td><\/tr>
std::optional<\/td>\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u503c\u6216\u65e0\u503c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u66ff\u4ee3\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u6216\u7279\u6b8a\u503c\u3002<\/td>std::optional<\/td>Wrapper representing optional values.<\/td><\/tr>
std::variant<\/td>\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8054\u5408\u4f53\uff0c\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7c7b\u578b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/td>std::variant<\/td>Type-safe union holding one of multiple types.<\/td><\/tr>
std::any<\/td>\u7c7b\u578b\u64e6\u9664\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u5b58\u50a8\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/td>std::any<\/td>Type-erased container for single values of any type.<\/td><\/tr>
\u5e76\u884c\u7b97\u6cd5<\/td>\u6807\u51c6\u7b97\u6cd5\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/td>Parallel algorithms<\/td>Algorithms supporting parallel execution policies.<\/td><\/tr>
\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e93 (<filesystem>)<\/td>\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684API\u3002<\/td>Filesystem library<\/td>Standardized API for file and directory management.<\/td><\/tr>
\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u89c6\u56fe (std::string_view)<\/td>\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u3001\u975e\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u590d\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/td>std::string_view<\/td>Lightweight non-owning string reference type.<\/td><\/tr>
\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u589e\u5f3a<\/td>\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u987a\u5e8f\u652f\u6301\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/td>Enhanced memory model<\/td>Improved support for atomic operations and memory ordering.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u5bf9C++11\u300114\u300117\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7279\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u7167\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5194,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[20,21,22],"class_list":["post-5197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology","tag-c","tag-21","tag-22"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.diggoodbox.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.diggoodbox.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.diggoodbox.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diggoodbox.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diggoodbox.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5197"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.diggoodbox.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5197\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5198,"href":"https:\/\/www.diggoodbox.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5197\/revisions\/5198"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diggoodbox.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.diggoodbox.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diggoodbox.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diggoodbox.com\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}