{"id":5214,"date":"2025-06-11T12:55:25","date_gmt":"2025-06-11T04:55:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diggoodbox.com\/blog\/?p=5214"},"modified":"2025-06-11T12:55:25","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T04:55:25","slug":"c-%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e6%8c%87%e9%92%88%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diggoodbox.com\/blog\/?p=5214","title":{"rendered":"C++ \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u603b\u7ed3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

C++ Smart Pointers Summary (Chinese-English Bilingual)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\ud83d\udccc \u4e00\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udccc 1. Introduction to Smart Pointers<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u4e2d\u6587<\/strong><\/td>English<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u662f\u5c01\u88c5\u539f\u59cb\u6307\u9488\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/td>Smart pointers are wrapper classes for raw pointers that automatically release resources when no longer used, preventing memory leaks.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udcda \u4e8c\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e0e\u7248\u672c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udcda 2. Types and Version Introduced<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/td>\u5f15\u5165\u7248\u672c<\/strong><\/td>\u7b80\u8981\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong><\/td>Smart Pointer Type<\/strong><\/td>Introduced In<\/strong><\/td>Description<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
std::auto_ptr<\/td>C++98<\/td>\u5df2\u5e9f\u5f03\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u4f1a\u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/td>std::auto_ptr<\/td>C++98<\/td>Deprecated, ownership transferred on copy<\/td><\/tr>
std::unique_ptr<\/td>C++11<\/td>\u72ec\u5360\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u590d\u5236<\/td>std::unique_ptr<\/td>C++11<\/td>Unique ownership, non-copyable<\/td><\/tr>
std::shared_ptr<\/td>C++11<\/td>\u5171\u4eab\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570<\/td>std::shared_ptr<\/td>C++11<\/td>Shared ownership via reference counting<\/td><\/tr>
std::weak_ptr<\/td>C++11<\/td>\u5f31\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570<\/td>std::weak_ptr<\/td>C++11<\/td>Weak reference, avoids increasing ref count<\/td><\/tr>
std::make_shared<\/td>C++11<\/td>\u9ad8\u6548\u6784\u9020 shared_ptr<\/td>std::make_shared<\/td>C++11<\/td>Efficient shared_ptr creation<\/td><\/tr>
std::make_unique<\/td>C++14<\/td>\u5b89\u5168\u6784\u9020 unique_ptr<\/td>std::make_unique<\/td>C++14<\/td>Safe creation of unique_ptr<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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\ud83c\udfaf \u4e09\u3001\u5404\u7c7b\u578b\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\ud83c\udfaf 3. Example Usage of Each Smart Pointer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

\u2705 <\/strong>unique_ptr<\/strong> \u72ec\u5360\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u2705 <\/strong>unique_ptr<\/strong> – Unique Ownership<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

std::unique_ptr<int> ptr = std::make_unique<int>(10);<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\/\/ std::unique_ptr<int> ptr2 = ptr; \u274c \u4e0d\u53ef\u590d\u5236<\/p>\n\n\n\n

std::unique_ptr<int> ptr2 = std::move(ptr); \/\/ \u2705 \u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

std::unique_ptr<int> ptr = std::make_unique<int>(10);<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\/\/ std::unique_ptr<int> ptr2 = ptr; \u274c Copy not allowed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

std::unique_ptr<int> ptr2 = std::move(ptr); \/\/ \u2705 Ownership moved<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u2705 <\/strong>shared_ptr<\/strong> \u5171\u4eab\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u2705 <\/strong>shared_ptr<\/strong> – Shared Ownership<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

std::shared_ptr<int> a = std::make_shared<int>(42);<\/p>\n\n\n\n

std::shared_ptr<int> b = a; \/\/ \u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570 +1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

std::shared_ptr<int> a = std::make_shared<int>(42);<\/p>\n\n\n\n

std::shared_ptr<int> b = a; \/\/ Reference count +1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u2705 <\/strong>weak_ptr<\/strong> \u5f31\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5faa\u73af<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u2705 <\/strong>weak_ptr<\/strong> – Weak Reference (No Cycles)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

std::shared_ptr<int> sp = std::make_shared<int>(100);<\/p>\n\n\n\n

std::weak_ptr<int> wp = sp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

if (auto temp = wp.lock()) {<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 temp \u5b89\u5168\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n\n\n\n

}<\/p>\n\n\n\n

std::shared_ptr<int> sp = std::make_shared<int>(100);<\/p>\n\n\n\n

std::weak_ptr<int> wp = sp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

if (auto temp = wp.lock()) {<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \/\/ Safe access to object via temp<\/p>\n\n\n\n

}<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u26a0\ufe0f <\/strong>auto_ptr<\/strong>\uff08\u5df2\u5e9f\u5f03\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u26a0\ufe0f <\/strong>auto_ptr<\/strong> (Deprecated)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

std::auto_ptr<int> p1(new int(10));<\/p>\n\n\n\n

std::auto_ptr<int> p2 = p1; \/\/ \u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

std::auto_ptr<int> p1(new int(10));<\/p>\n\n\n\n

std::auto_ptr<int> p2 = p1; \/\/ Ownership transferred<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\ud83e\udde0 \u56db\u3001\u6307\u9488\u529f\u80fd\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\ud83e\udde0 4. Smart Pointer Feature Comparison<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u529f\u80fd\/\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/td>unique_ptr<\/strong><\/td>shared_ptr<\/strong><\/td>weak_ptr<\/strong><\/td>auto_ptr<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u72ec\u5360\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/td>\u2705<\/td>\u274c<\/td>\u274c<\/td>\u2705<\/td><\/tr>
\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90<\/td>\u274c<\/td>\u2705<\/td>\u2705\uff08\u5f31\u5f15\u7528\uff09<\/td>\u274c<\/td><\/tr>
\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90<\/td>\u2705<\/td>\u2705<\/td>\u274c<\/td>\u2705<\/td><\/tr>
\u53ef\u590d\u5236<\/td>\u274c<\/td>\u2705<\/td>\u274c<\/td>\u2705\uff08\u8f6c\u79fb\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u662f\u5426\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\u2705 \u63a8\u8350<\/td>\u2705 \u63a8\u8350<\/td>\u2705 \u63a8\u8350<\/td>\u274c \u5df2\u5e9f\u5f03<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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\ud83e\uddfe \u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\ud83e\uddfe 5. Summary<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u4e2d\u6587<\/strong><\/td>English<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u901a\u8fc7 RAII \u673a\u5236\u7ba1\u7406\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3 C++ \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/td>Smart pointers manage heap memory via RAII, simplifying resource management and preventing leaks \u2014 a core of modern C++.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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